Which statement best describes Stage 3 in Kohlberg's Moral Development?

• A. Based on rewards/punishments.
• B. Based on whether consequences benefit self or others.
• C. Based on approval of authorities.
• D. Based on universal ethical principles.

Answer: (C)

Stage three focuses on how people behave to gain social approval and fit in with others' expectations. In this stage, morality is rooted in wanting to be seen as a “good” person by important others—peers, family, teachers—and to maintain good relationships. Actions are judged by how they will be perceived by those around you, and you conform to norms to earn praise and avoid disapproval. This emphasis on interpersonal approval sits between the more rule- and consequence-based levels and the later stage that centers on abstract principles.

That helps explain why this choice fits best: it describes acting to gain approval from others rather than merely seeking rewards or avoiding punishment, or following rules out of fear of punishment, or adhering to universal ethical principles. The pre-conventional option is about rewards/punishments, the next option centers on self-interest or reciprocity, and the highest option covers universal principles.