What is the central process of Stage 2 Toddlerhood?

• A. Imitation
• B. Autonomy vs shame and doubt
• C. Will
• D. Core path-compulsion

Answer: (A)

In Stage 2 toddlerhood the key task is developing autonomy—the growing ability to act for oneself, make simple choices, and exercise self-control. This psychosocial period centers on the conflict of autonomy versus shame and doubt: with supportive, age-appropriate encouragement and boundaries, a child gains confidence in their own abilities; with over-control or harsh criticism, they may doubt what they can do and become overly dependent or anxious. Imitation plays an important role as a learning tool—toddlers watch and copy others to acquire new skills—but it is a mechanism that supports autonomy rather than the central process itself. The stage’s progress hinges on fostering self-sufficiency, not merely mimicking behaviors.